Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-18 (of 18 Records) |
Query Trace: Bayer E[original query] |
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Vaccine-associated varicella and rubella infections in severe combined immunodeficiency with isolated CD4 lymphocytopenia and mutations in IL7R detected by tandem whole exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray.
Bayer DK , Martinez CA , Sorte HS , Forbes LR , Demmler-Harrison GJ , Hanson IC , Pearson NM , Noroski LM , Zaki SR , Bellini WJ , Leduc MS , Yang Y , Eng CM , Patel A , Rodningen OK , Muzny DM , Gibbs RA , Campbell IM , Shaw CA , Baker MW , Zhang V , Lupski JR , Orange JS , Seeborg FO , Stray-Pedersen A . Clin Exp Immunol 2014 178 (3) 459-69 In areas without newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), disease-defining infections may lead to diagnosis, and in some cases, may not be identified prior to the first year of life. We describe a female infant who presented with disseminated vaccine-acquired varicella (VZV) and vaccine-acquired rubella infections at 13 months of age. Immunological evaluations demonstrated neutropenia, isolated CD4 lymphocytopenia, the presence of CD8(+) T cells, poor lymphocyte proliferation, hypergammaglobulinaemia and poor specific antibody production to VZV infection and routine immunizations. A combination of whole exome sequencing and custom-designed chromosomal microarray with exon coverage of primary immunodeficiency genes detected compound heterozygous mutations (one single nucleotide variant and one intragenic copy number variant involving one exon) within the IL7R gene. Mosaicism for wild-type allele (20-30%) was detected in pretransplant blood and buccal DNA and maternal engraftment (5-10%) demonstrated in pretransplant blood DNA. This may be responsible for the patient's unusual immunological phenotype compared to classical interleukin (IL)-7Rα deficiency. Disseminated VZV was controlled with anti-viral and immune-based therapy, and umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation was successful. Retrospectively performed T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) analyses completed on neonatal Guthrie cards identified absent TREC. This case emphasizes the danger of live viral vaccination in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients and the importance of newborn screening to identify patients prior to high-risk exposures. It also illustrates the value of aggressive pathogen identification and treatment, the influence newborn screening can have on morbidity and mortality and the significant impact of newer genomic diagnostic tools in identifying the underlying genetic aetiology for SCID patients. |
Key insights on multisector community partnerships from real-world efforts to address social determinants of health
Glasgow L , Clayton M , Honeycutt A , Bayer EM , Plescia M , Holtgrave PL , Hacker K . Eval Program Plann 2023 99 102298 PURPOSE: To better understand and inform how multisector community partnerships (MCPs) perform meaningful work to prevent chronic disease and advance health equity by addressing social determinants of health (SDOH). METHODS: We conducted a rapid retrospective evaluation of SDOH initiatives implemented within the past three years by 42 established MCPs across the United States. The mixed methods evaluation included document review and coding of available outcomes data, virtual discussions, and Prevention Impacts Simulation Model (PRISM) analysis. RESULTS: All 42 MCPs built community capacity for addressing SDOH through new or strengthened data systems, leveraged resources, or engaged residents, for example. Most MCPs (N = 38, 90%) reported contributions to community changes that promote healthy living. More than half of the MCPs (N = 22) reported health outcomes data for their SDOH initiatives, including improved health behaviors and clinical outcomes. Based on reach data provided by 27 MCPs, PRISM analysis results suggest that sustained initiatives could save over $633 million in productivity and medical costs cumulatively through 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: With sufficient technical assistance and funding resources, MCPs are a key component of the public health strategy to address SDOH. |
A Public Health Research Agenda for Managing Infodemics: Methods and Results of the First WHO Infodemiology Conference.
Calleja N , AbdAllah A , Abad N , Ahmed N , Albarracin D , Altieri E , Anoko JN , Arcos R , Azlan AA , Bayer J , Bechmann A , Bezbaruah S , Briand SC , Brooks I , Bucci LM , Burzo S , Czerniak C , De Domenico M , Dunn AG , Ecker UKH , Espinosa L , Francois C , Gradon K , Gruzd A , Gülgün BS , Haydarov R , Hurley C , Astuti SI , Ishizumi A , Johnson N , Johnson Restrepo D , Kajimoto M , Koyuncu A , Kulkarni S , Lamichhane J , Lewis R , Mahajan A , Mandil A , McAweeney E , Messer M , Moy W , Ndumbi Ngamala P , Nguyen T , Nunn M , Omer SB , Pagliari C , Patel P , Phuong L , Prybylski D , Rashidian A , Rempel E , Rubinelli S , Sacco P , Schneider A , Shu K , Smith M , Sufehmi H , Tangcharoensathien V , Terry R , Thacker N , Trewinnard T , Turner S , Tworek H , Uakkas S , Vraga E , Wardle C , Wasserman H , Wilhelm E , Würz A , Yau B , Zhou L , Purnat TD . JMIR Infodemiology 2021 1 (1) e30979 BACKGROUND: An infodemic is an overflow of information of varying quality that surges across digital and physical environments during an acute public health event. It leads to confusion, risk-taking, and behaviors that can harm health and lead to erosion of trust in health authorities and public health responses. Owing to the global scale and high stakes of the health emergency, responding to the infodemic related to the pandemic is particularly urgent. Building on diverse research disciplines and expanding the discipline of infodemiology, more evidence-based interventions are needed to design infodemic management interventions and tools and implement them by health emergency responders. OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization organized the first global infodemiology conference, entirely online, during June and July 2020, with a follow-up process from August to October 2020, to review current multidisciplinary evidence, interventions, and practices that can be applied to the COVID-19 infodemic response. This resulted in the creation of a public health research agenda for managing infodemics. METHODS: As part of the conference, a structured expert judgment synthesis method was used to formulate a public health research agenda. A total of 110 participants represented diverse scientific disciplines from over 35 countries and global public health implementing partners. The conference used a laddered discussion sprint methodology by rotating participant teams, and a managed follow-up process was used to assemble a research agenda based on the discussion and structured expert feedback. This resulted in a five-workstream frame of the research agenda for infodemic management and 166 suggested research questions. The participants then ranked the questions for feasibility and expected public health impact. The expert consensus was summarized in a public health research agenda that included a list of priority research questions. RESULTS: The public health research agenda for infodemic management has five workstreams: (1) measuring and continuously monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies; (2) detecting signals and understanding the spread and risk of infodemics; (3) responding and deploying interventions that mitigate and protect against infodemics and their harmful effects; (4) evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics; and (5) promoting the development, adaptation, and application of interventions and toolkits for infodemic management. Each workstream identifies research questions and highlights 49 high priority research questions. CONCLUSIONS: Public health authorities need to develop, validate, implement, and adapt tools and interventions for managing infodemics in acute public health events in ways that are appropriate for their countries and contexts. Infodemiology provides a scientific foundation to make this possible. This research agenda proposes a structured framework for targeted investment for the scientific community, policy makers, implementing organizations, and other stakeholders to consider. |
Health departments' role in addressing social determinants of health in collaboration with multisector community partnerships
Emery KJ , Durocher B , Arena LC , Glasgow L , Bayer EM , Plescia M , Holtgrave PL , Hacker K . J Public Health Manag Pract 2023 29 (1) 51-55 Multisector community partnerships (MCPs) are key component of the public health strategy for addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) and promoting health equity. Governmental public health agencies are often members or leaders of MCPs, but few studies have examined the role of health departments in supporting MCPs' SDOH initiatives. We engaged 42 established MCPs in a rapid retrospective evaluation to better understand how MCPs' SDOH initiatives contribute to community changes that promote healthy living and improved health outcomes. As part of this work, we gained insights into how health departments support MCPs' SDOH initiatives, as well as opportunities for enhanced collaboration. Results indicate that health departments can support MCPs' SDOH initiatives through the provision of funding and technical assistance, data sharing, and connecting community organizations with shared missions, for example. Findings can be used to inform the development of funding opportunities and technical assistance for MCPs and health department partners. |
Getting further faster: Illuminating opportunities for health departments to support community-driven social determinants of health interventions
Hacker K , Glasgow L , Bayer EM , Holtgrave P . J Public Health Manag Pract 2023 29 (1) 105-107 Since 1980, the Healthy People initiative has developed measurable 10-year objectives to guide and evaluate our nation's efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people. Healthy People 2030 includes an overarching goal that focuses on social determinants of health (SDOH): “Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all.”1 As we recover from an unprecedented pandemic, we have an opportunity to leverage recent investments in the US public health system to advance this national SDOH goal. Multisector community partnerships (MCPs) are a key component of the public health approach to addressing SDOH and promoting health equity.2 In 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), and Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) launched the Improving SDOH—Getting Further Faster (GFF) initiative, partnering with 42 established MCPs and RTI International to rapidly generate practice-based evidence that could inform and strengthen future community-driven SDOH interventions.3 GFF focuses on 5 SDOH domains with links to chronic disease: (1) built environment, (2) community-clinical linkages, (3) food and nutrition security, (4) social connectedness, and (5) tobacco-free policies. This column provides a progress update on the GFF initiative, including a brief description of ongoing work to illuminate opportunities for health departments and health care systems to support community-driven SDOH interventions. |
Characteristics and adverse events of patients for whom nifurtimox was released through CDC-sponsored investigational new drug program for treatment of Chagas disease - United States, 2001-2021
Abbott A , Montgomery SP , Chancey RJ . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022 71 (10) 371-374 Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas disease is endemic in rural areas of Latin America, but T. cruzi, triatomine vectors, infected mammalian reservoir hosts, and rare cases of autochthonous vector borne transmission have been reported in the United States (1). Possible modes of transmission include the following: vector borne via skin or mucosal contact with feces of infected triatomine bugs, congenital, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or laboratory accident. Chagas disease can be treated with benznidazole (commercially available since May 14, 2018) or nifurtimox (2). Before January 25, 2021, nifurtimox (Lampit) had been exclusively available through CDC under an Institutional Review Board-approved Investigational New Drug (IND) treatment protocol, at which time it became reasonably accessible to health care providers outside of the program. This report summarizes CDC Drug Service reports for selected characteristics of and adverse events reported by 336 patients for whom nifurtimox was requested under the CDC IND program during January 1, 2001-January 25, 2021. Of the 336 patients, 34.2% resided in California. Median age of patients was 37 years (range = 1-78 years). Most patients were aged 18 (91.8%; 305 of 332) and Hispanic (93.2%; 290 of 311). Among the patients with available information, 91.4% (222 of 243) reported an adverse event. Among those with information about the severity of their adverse events, 20.5% reported a severe event. On August 7, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced approval of a nifurtimox product, Lampit (Bayer), for treatment of Chagas disease in patients aged <18 years weighing 5.5 lbs (2.5 kg). Lampit became commercially available during October 2020. Physicians should take frequency of adverse events into consideration when prescribing nifurtimox and counseling patients. |
Rubella Virus Infected Macrophages and Neutrophils Define Patterns of Granulomatous Inflammation in Inborn and Acquired Errors of Immunity.
Perelygina L , Faisthalab R , Abernathy E , Chen MH , Hao L , Bercovitch L , Bayer DK , Noroski LM , Lam MT , Cicalese MP , Al-Herz W , Nanda A , Hajjar J , Vanden Driessche K , Schroven S , Leysen J , Rosenbach M , Peters P , Raedler J , Albert MH , Abraham RS , Rangarjan HG , Buchbinder D , Kobrynski L , Pham-Huy A , Dhossche J , Cunningham Rundles C , Meyer AK , Theos A , Atkinson TP , Musiek A , Adeli M , Derichs U , Walz C , Krüger R , von Bernuth H , Klein C , Icenogle J , Hauck F , Sullivan KE . Front Immunol 2021 12 796065 Rubella virus (RuV) has recently been found in association with granulomatous inflammation of the skin and several internal organs in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The cellular tropism and molecular mechanisms of RuV persistence and pathogenesis in select immunocompromised hosts are not clear. We provide clinical, immunological, virological, and histological data on a cohort of 28 patients with a broad spectrum of IEI and RuV-associated granulomas in skin and nine extracutaneous tissues to further delineate this relationship. Combined immunodeficiency was the most frequent diagnosis (67.8%) among patients. Patients with previously undocumented conditions, i.e., humoral immunodeficiencies, a secondary immunodeficiency, and a defect of innate immunity were identified as being susceptible to RuV-associated granulomas. Hematopoietic cell transplantation was the most successful treatment in this case series resulting in granuloma resolution; steroids, and TNF-α and IL-1R inhibitors were moderately effective. In addition to M2 macrophages, neutrophils were identified by immunohistochemical analysis as a novel cell type infected with RuV. Four patterns of RuV-associated granulomatous inflammation were classified based on the structural organization of granulomas and identity and location of cell types harboring RuV antigen. Identification of conditions that increase susceptibility to RuV-associated granulomas combined with structural characterization of the granulomas may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of RuV-associated granulomas and discover new targets for therapeutic interventions. |
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Civil Registration of Births and Deaths and on Availability and Utility of Vital Events Data.
AbouZahr C , Bratschi MW , Cercone E , Mangharam A , Savigny D , Dincu I , Forsingdal AB , Joos O , Kamal M , Fat DM , Mathenge G , Marinho F , Mitra RG , Montgomery J , Muhwava W , Mwamba R , Mwanza J , Onaka A , Sejersen TB , Tuoane-Nkhasi M , Sferrazza L , Setel P . Am J Public Health 2021 111 (6) e1-e9 The complex and evolving picture of COVID-19-related mortality highlights the need for data to guide the response. Yet many countries are struggling to maintain their data systems, including the civil registration system, which is the foundation for detailed and continuously available mortality statistics. We conducted a search of country and development agency Web sites and partner and media reports describing disruptions to the civil registration of births and deaths associated with COVID-19 related restrictions.We found considerable intercountry variation and grouped countries according to the level of disruption to birth and particularly death registration. Only a minority of the 66 countries were able to maintain service continuity during the COVID-19 restrictions. In the majority, a combination of legal and operational challenges resulted in declines in birth and death registration. Few countries established business continuity plans or developed strategies to deal with the backlog when restrictions are lifted.Civil registration systems and the vital statistics they generate must be strengthened as essential services during health emergencies and as core components of the response to COVID-19. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 15, 2021: e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306203). |
Filling the gaps in the Peruvian care continuum for HIV-infected pregnant mothers: a case-control study in metropolitan Lima-Callao, Peru
Byelca H , Ken K , Bayer AM , Condor DF , Patricia S , Carcamo CP , Aral SO , Blanchard JF , Garcia PJ . Int J STD AIDS 2020 31 (10) 982-988 Mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) accounts for a significant proportion of new HIV infections in Peru. The purpose of this case-control study was to examine maternal and infant factors associated with MTCT in Peru from 2015 to 2016. For each biologically confirmed case infant, we randomly selected four birth year- and birth hospital-matched controls from five hospitals in Lima-Callao. Maternal and infant information were gathered from medical records. Simple conditional logistic regression was utilized to examine possible maternal and infant characteristics associated with MTCT. The rate of MTCT was 6.9% in 2015 and 2.7% in 2016. A total of 63 matched controls were identified for 18 cases. Protective factors included higher number of prenatal visits (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.94, p = 0.012) and having more children (OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.79, p = 0.029). Risk factors included later maternal diagnosis (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.06-1.34; p = 0.001) and greater viral load at the time of maternal diagnosis (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.10; p = 0.022). Our study highlights the importance of targeting early and continued prenatal care as specific areas to target to prevent gaps in the HIV treatment cascade for pregnant HIV-infected women. These strategies can ensure early screening and initiation of antiretroviral therapy to reduce MTCT rates. |
Second nationwide anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Namibia
Ruswa N , Mavhunga F , Roscoe JC , Beukes A , Shipiki E , van Gorkom J , Sawadogo S , Agolory S , Menzies H , Tiruneh D , Makumbi B , Bayer B , Zezai A , Campbell P , Alexander H , Kalisvaart N , Forster N . Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019 23 (7) 858-864 SETTING: Namibia ranks among the 30 high TB burden countries worldwide. Here, we report results of the second nationwide anti-TB drug resistance survey.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and trends of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in Namibia.METHODS: From 2014 to 2015, patients with presumptive TB in all regions of Namibia had sputum subjected to mycobacterial culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) for rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin if positive on smear microscopy and/or Xpert MTB/RIF.RESULTS: Of the 4124 eligible for culture, 3279 (79.5%) had Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated. 3126 (95%) had a first-line DST completed (2392 new patients, 699 previously treated patients, 35 with unknown treatment history). MDR-TB was detected in 4.5% (95%CI 3.7-5.4) of new patients, and 7.9% (95%CI 6.0-10.1) of individuals treated previously. MDR-TB was significantly associated with previous treatment (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.3-2.5) but not with HIV infection, sex, age or other demographic factors. Prior treatment failure demonstrated the strongest association with MDR-TB (OR 17.6, 95%CI 5.3-58.7).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MDR-TB among new TB patients in Namibia is high and, compared with the first drug resistance survey, has decreased significantly among those treated previously. Namibia should implement routine screening of drug resistance among all TB patients. |
Peace, Liberty, Mycobacteria, and Tuberculosis Mortality
Chorba T . Emerg Infect Dis 2018 24 (3) 611-2 In 1935, Gerhard Domagk and Josef Klarer, working with dyes at the Bayer Institute of Pathology and Bacteriology, published the results of several clinical investigations of sulfamidochrysoidine. This antibacterial drug was the first of the sulfonamide-containing or related products that transformed approaches to treatment of infection and heralded the antibiotic era. Before that, the only antimicrobials available were the arsenicals (arsphenamine and neosalvarsan), which were used to treat syphilis. Sulfamidochrysoidine, produced under the trademark name of Prontosil, was demonstrated to be effective for treating streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. In 1939, Domagk was recognized with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; although the Third Reich forced him to decline the award, he subsequently received it in 1947. | | The year 1935 also was the final one in which a US dollar made predominantly of silver (silver dollar) was minted for general circulation. The coin was first issued in 1921. Its design earned it the name “Peace Dollar”; its reverse side portrays an American bald eagle with an olive branch in its talons, intended to celebrate the long-lasting peace that was to have followed the Great War, World War I. The bird is at rest, its wings folded, perched on a craggy rock above the word “Peace,” facing the dawn’s rays rising beyond distant hills. |
Risk for interspecies transmission of zoonotic pathogens during poultry processing and pork production in Peru: A qualitative study
Carnero AM , Kitayama K , Diaz DA , Garvich M , Angulo N , Cama VA , Gilman RH , Bayer AM . Zoonoses Public Health 2018 65 (5) 528-539 Interspecies transmission of pathogens is an unfrequent but naturally occurring event and human activities may favour opportunities not previously reported. Reassortment of zoonotic pathogens like influenza A virus can result from these activities. Recently, swine and birds have played a central role as "mixing vessels" for epidemic and pandemic events related to strains like H1N1 and H5N1. Unsafe practices in poultry markets and swine farms can lead to interspecies transmission, favouring the emergence of novel strains. Thus, understanding practices that lead to interspecies interactions is crucial. This qualitative study aimed to evaluate poultry processing practices in formal and informal markets and the use of leftovers by swine farmers in three Peruvian cities: Lima (capital), Tumbes (coastal) and Tarapoto (jungle). We conducted 80 direct observations at formal and informal markets and interviewed 15 swine farmers. Processors slaughter and pluck chickens and vendors and/or processors eviscerate chickens. Food safety and hygiene practices were suboptimal or absent, although some heterogeneity was observed between cities and chicken vendors versus processors. Both vendors (76%) and processors (100%) sold the chicken viscera leftovers to swine farmers, representing the main source of chicken viscera for swine farms (53%). Swine farmers fed the chicken viscera to their swine. Chicken viscera cooking times varied widely and were insufficient in some cases. Non-abattoired poultry leads to the sale of poultry leftovers to small-scale swine farms, resulting in indirect but frequent interspecies contacts that can lead to interspecies transmission of bacterial pathogens or the reassortment of influenza A viruses. These interactions are exacerbated by suboptimal safety and hygiene conditions. People involved in these activities constitute an at-risk population who could play a central role in preventing the transmission of pathogens between species. Educational interventions on hygiene and food safety practices will be important for reducing the risk of interspecies influenza transmission. |
Needs, acceptability, and value of humanitarian medical assistance in remote Peruvian Amazon riverine communities
Sanchez JF , Halsey ES , Bayer AM , Beltran M , Razuri HR , Velasquez DE , Cama VA , Graf PC , Quispe AM , Maves RC , Montgomery JM , Sanders JW , Lescano AG . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015 92 (6) 1090-9 Much debate exists regarding the need, acceptability, and value of humanitarian medical assistance. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 457 children under 5 years from four remote riverine communities in the Peruvian Amazon and collected anthropometric measures, blood samples (1-4 years), and stool samples. Focus groups and key informant interviews assessed perspectives regarding medical aid delivered by foreigners. The prevalence of stunting, anemia, and intestinal parasites was 20%, 37%, and 62%, respectively. Infection with multiple parasites, usually geohelminths, was detected in 41% of children. The prevalence of intestinal parasites both individual and polyparasitism increased with age. Participants from smaller communities less exposed to foreigners expressed lack of trust and fear of them. However, participants from all communities were positive about foreigners visiting to provide health support. Prevalent health needs such as parasitic infections and anemia may be addressed by short-term medical interventions. There is a perceived openness to and acceptability of medical assistance delivered by foreign personnel. |
Evaluation of imidacloprid-treated traps as an attract and kill system for filth flies during contingency operations
Dunford JC , Hoel DF , Hertz JC , England DB , Dunford KR , Stoops CA , Szumlas DE , Hogsette JA . US Army Med Dep J 2013 73-9 Two field trials were conducted to evaluate if filth fly trap efficacy was increased by augmentation with an insecticide application to the trap's exterior. Four Fly Terminator Pro traps (Farnam Companies, Inc, Phoenix, AZ) baited with Terminator Fly Attractant (in water) were suspended on polyvinyl chloride pipe framing at a municipal waste transfer site in Clay County, Florida. The outer surfaces of 2 traps were treated with Maxforce Fly Spot Bait (Bayer Environmental Science, Research Triangle Park, NC) (10% imidacloprid) to compare kill rates between treated and untreated traps. Kill consisted of total flies collected from inside traps and from mesh nets suspended beneath all traps, both treated and untreated. Each of 2 treated and untreated traps was rotated through 4 trap sites every 24 hrs. In order to evaluate operational utility and conservation of supplies during remote contingency operations, fly attractant remained in traps for the duration of the first trial but was changed daily during the second trial (following manufacturer's recommendations). In addition, (1/2) strength Terminator Fly Attractant was used during the first trial and traps were set at full strength during the second trial. Flies collected within the traps and in mesh netting were counted and identified. Three species, Musca domestica (L.), Chrysomya megacephala (F.), and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), comprised the majority of samples in both trials. The net samples recovered more flies when the outer surface was treated with imidacloprid, however, treated traps collected fewer flies inside the trap than did untreated traps for both trials. No significant statistical advantage was found in treating Fly Terminator Pro trap exteriors with Maxforce Fly Spot Bait. However, reducing manufacturer's recommended strength of Terminator Fly Attractant showed similar results to traps set at full strength. Treating the outer surfaces may improve kill of fly species that do not enter the trap. Terminator Fly Attractant was also found to be more effective if traps were not changed daily and left to hold dead flies for longer periods. |
Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children
Liu C , Bayer A , Cosgrove SE , Daum RS , Fridkin SK , Gorwitz RJ , Kaplan SL , Karchmer AW , Levine DP , Murray BE , JRybak M , Talan DA , Chambers HF . Clin Infect Dis 2011 52 (3) e18-55 Evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for adult and pediatric patients with MRSA infections. The guidelines discuss the management of a variety of clinical syndromes associated with MRSA disease, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), bacteremia and endocarditis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Recommendations are provided regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring, management of infections due to MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and vancomycin treatment failures. |
Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summary
Liu C , Bayer A , Cosgrove SE , Daum RS , Fridkin SK , Gorwitz RJ , Kaplan SL , Karchmer AW , Levine DP , Murray BE , JRybak M , Talan DA , Chambers HF . Clin Infect Dis 2011 52 (3) 285-92 Evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for adult and pediatric patients with MRSA infections. The guidelines discuss the management of a variety of clinical syndromes associated with MRSA disease, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), bacteremia and endocarditis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Recommendations are provided regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring, management of infections due to MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and vancomycin treatment failures. |
Monoclonal antibodies 16F5, 29E6, and 56F9 against toluene diisocyanate vapor
Siegel PD . Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2010 29 (3) 271-271 Antigen Used for Immunization | Toluene diisocyanate vapor at 50 ± 5 ppb (TDI, Mondur TD80 Grade A, 80% and 20% mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI isomers, respectively) provided by Bayer Corporation (Polyurethanes Division, Pittsburgh, PA). | Method of Immunization | Mice in a stainless steel live-in chamber (Unifab Corp., Kalamazoo, MI) were exposed to 50 ± 5 ppb TDI vapor for 4 h/day, for 12 consecutive business days.(1) | Parental Cell Line Used for Fusion | Murine Sp2/0 myeloma cells and splenocytes/lymph nodes from TDI vapor exposed mice.(2) | Selection and Cloning Procedure | Positive hybrids were selected by ELISA and then subcloned twice using limiting dilution. | Heavy and Light Chains of Immunoglobulin | IgM | Specificity | The specificity of these antibodies to detect the resultant epitopes formed from covalent binding of diisocyanates to protein nucleophilic groups was confirmed by ELISA and Western blot analyses. |
Effect of exhaled moisture on breathing resistance of N95 filtering facepiece respirators
Roberge RJ , Bayer E , Powell JB , Coca A , Roberge MR , Benson SM . Ann Occup Hyg 2010 54 (6) 671-7 This study evaluated the effect of exhaled moisture on the breathing resistance of three classes of filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) following 4 h of continuous wear at a breathing volume of 40 l min(-1), utilizing an automated breathing and metabolic simulator as a human surrogate. After 4 h, inhalation and exhalation resistance increased by 0.43 and 0.23 mm of H(2)O pressure, respectively, and average moisture retention in the respirators was 0.26 ml. Under ambient conditions similar to those of the current study, and at similar breathing volumes, it is unlikely that exhaled moisture will add significantly to the breathing resistance of filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) over 4 h of use. |
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